Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Rift Weapon

Rift tech weapons all have a basic weapon profile that can always be used. However, a Rift weapon attack can be enhanced by exhausting one of the unit’s Active Rift Dice to trigger a special Rift ability, the specific ability for each weapon is indicated by the Special Rules column on the Weapons Chart. If the unit has a Surging Rift Die, some weapons can be ‘Overloaded’ for an even more potent effect. Note that the Rift die must be exhausted before any rolls to hit are made.

Rift weapons don’t rely on kinetic energy to penetrate a target’s armour, so their Pen is not modified by range.

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Rift Weapon

Rift tech weapons all have a basic weapon profile that can always be used. However, a Rift weapon attack can be enhanced by exhausting one of the unit’s Active Rift Dice to trigger a special Rift ability, the specific ability for each weapon is indicated by the Special Rules column on the Weapons Chart. If the unit has a Surging Rift Die, some weapons can be ‘Overloaded’ for an even more potent effect. Note that the Rift die must be exhausted before any rolls to hit are made.

Rift weapons don’t rely on kinetic energy to penetrate a target’s armour, so their Pen is not modified by range.

Rift Weapon Ability – Gravity Pulse

When executing a Fire or Advance Order (including when resolving an Ambush) a unit with Gravity Pulse weapons can opt to exhaust a Rift Die to generate a Gravity Pulse effect.

This uses the 3" diameter template. Place the template anywhere within range and Line of Sight of the Projektor (note a Line of Fire is not needed), then roll to hit each model underneath it with the number of Shots indicated for the weapon. If a Vehicle model is hit by multiple shots from the Gravity Pulse, add the Pen values together and roll for damage as a single hit with that Pen modifier.

Cover saves and benefits from Down Orders do not apply against a Gravity Pulse. Shots against Vehicles strike the Top Armour. Any unit that is hit by a Gravity Pulse template suffers D2 Pin Markers.

Overload. A Gravity Pulse can be Overloaded by exhausting a Surging Rift Die. During an Overload attack, the Gravity Pulse increases its Shots value by 1. The unit making the Overload attack suffers D2 Pin Markers immediately after the attack has been concluded.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Buzz Saw

Axis Light and Medium Machine Guns fire one extra Shot. For Vehicle-mounted Machine Guns, first half the number of Shots before adding the extra one.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Rift Weapon

Rift tech weapons all have a basic weapon profile that can always be used. However, a Rift weapon attack can be enhanced by exhausting one of the unit’s Active Rift Dice to trigger a special Rift ability, the specific ability for each weapon is indicated by the Special Rules column on the Weapons Chart. If the unit has a Surging Rift Die, some weapons can be ‘Overloaded’ for an even more potent effect. Note that the Rift die must be exhausted before any rolls to hit are made.

Rift weapons don’t rely on kinetic energy to penetrate a target’s armour, so their Pen is not modified by range.

Rift Weapon Ability – Shockwave

When executing a Fire or Advance Order (including when resolving an Ambush) a unit with Shockwave weaponry can opt to exhaust a Rift Die to generate a Shockwave.

During a Shockwave event, the weapon will combine its shots to generate a blast effect. Roll to hit as normal, then count up the number of shots that hit. The number of hits scored is the HE equivalent of the weapon. For example, a Zvukovoy Proeyektor has 4 shots. If it employed a Shockwave event and then rolled three hits, it would generate a 3" HE explosion. Place the relevant template over the target unit and calculate the number of hits for the number of models covered.

Shockwave attacks ignore Cover Saves. The Pen of a Shockwave attack is equivalent to the HE template size. Units that are hit by a Shockwave suffer Pin Markers equivalent to the HE effect generated. For example, the 3" Shockwave above has +3 Penetration and inflicts D3 Pin Markers.

Overload. A Shockwave weapon Overloaded by exhausting a Surging Rift Die gains re-rolls to hit with its shots, but the firing unit suffers D3 Pin Markers after it has executed its Order.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Assault

This weapon suffers no penalty ‘to hit’ when moving and shooting. In addition, Infantry models armed with an Assault weapon count as Tough Fighters (see page 106).

Howitzer

This weapon can either shoot directly at a target drawing its Line of Fire ‘over open sights’ in the normal way, or it can shoot Indirect Fire as described overleaf. When firing over open sights it has no minimum range. When using Indirect Fire, a Howitzer has a minimum range. This is shown in brackets on the Weapons Chart – for example, Light Howitzers have a minimum range of 30".

If a Howitzer switches from Indirect Fire to Direct Fire and then returns to Indirect Fire, whether or not against the same target, the ‘Ranging In’ sequence is reset.

Indirect Fire

Targeting and line of sight

The Indirect Fire special rule refers to weapons that shoot HE shells ‘indirectly’, which is to say they lob a shot high in the air to land on top of the target unit. These Indirect Fire weapons cannot hit targets within their minimum range. If a target is found to be within this minimum range, the shot misses automatically and is ignored. The crew of an Indirect Fire weapon must still be able to see their target unit to shoot, unless a Spotter is employed – see below. However, the crew can direct their fire against a target even if friends are in the way, as shots pass far over the heads of intervening friendly troops because of the high trajectory.

Ranging In and Zeroed In

1. When firing using Indirect Fire, a 6 is required to hit, regardless of any modifier. In the following turn, if the shooter receives a Fire Order and if the target unit has not moved from their position, a hit is scored on a 5+ instead (to count as having ‘moved’, all models in the target unit must be at least 2" from the positions they were in when last fired upon by the Indirect Fire weapon). This is known as ‘Ranging In’.

2. If the shooter continues to execute Fire Orders under the same conditions given above (i.e. the target does not move), a hit is scored on a 4+ in the next turn, then 3+, and finally 2+ in all subsequent turns.

3. If the shooter receives any order other than Fire or the target moves, the Ranging In process is reset.

4. However, if a hit is scored in any turn, the shooter is ‘Zeroed In’ on the target and, as long as the target unit does not move from its position, and the shooter only executes Fire Orders, all further shots hit on 2+, even if the target unit is no longer in Line of Sight for any reason.

Cover, Ambush and Vehicles

Units hit by Indirect Fire receive no Cover Saves of any kind. However, if the target unit is or goes Down when shot at with Indirect Fire, the number of hits suffered is still halved.

Weapons cannot be fired indirectly by a unit that was in Ambush that turn – Indirect Fire takes time.

When fired against Vehicles, Hits from Indirect Fire weapons always strike the vulnerable Top Armour, counting the +1 Penetration modifier to damage regardless of the actual position of the firer. If an Open-topped Armoured Vehicle is hit by Indirect Fire add the +1 Penetration modifier to the damage roll, and also add +1 to the die roll on the Damage Results table (see page 119).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Multiple Launcher

This rule describes multi-barrelled rocket-firing weapons such as the German Nebelwerfer and Wurfrahmen, the Russian Katyusha, and US Calliope. A multiple launcher counts as a heavy mortar, but its chance of hitting never gets any better than a 6 (no ranging in). However, every time you fire it, pick the first target unit as normal and then check which other enemy units are within 6" of the original template – these are also targets. If you find that there is a friendly unit within 6" of the original template, you cannot fire and the shot is wasted. Once the target units have been determined, check if any of these units are within the minimum range – these units are missed automatically. Then roll to hit for all remaining target units, one at a time in any order you prefer, hitting on 6. If you score one or more hits, work out the total of all of the hits inflicted by the salvo on target units, using the relevant templates, and then proceed to roll to damage.

The unit firing a multiple launcher (whether an infantry or a vehicle) cannot use spotters for line of sight and also receives D3 pin markers whether they hit or missed the target. This represents the extensive time needed to reload these destructive weapons, as well as the choking smoke released by the exhaust fumes of the salvo of large rockets. When being towed, multiple launchers count as light howitzers.

Indirect Fire

Targeting and line of sight

The Indirect Fire special rule refers to weapons that shoot HE shells ‘indirectly’, which is to say they lob a shot high in the air to land on top of the target unit. These Indirect Fire weapons cannot hit targets within their minimum range. If a target is found to be within this minimum range, the shot misses automatically and is ignored. The crew of an Indirect Fire weapon must still be able to see their target unit to shoot, unless a Spotter is employed – see below. However, the crew can direct their fire against a target even if friends are in the way, as shots pass far over the heads of intervening friendly troops because of the high trajectory.

Ranging In and Zeroed In

1. When firing using Indirect Fire, a 6 is required to hit, regardless of any modifier. In the following turn, if the shooter receives a Fire Order and if the target unit has not moved from their position, a hit is scored on a 5+ instead (to count as having ‘moved’, all models in the target unit must be at least 2" from the positions they were in when last fired upon by the Indirect Fire weapon). This is known as ‘Ranging In’.

2. If the shooter continues to execute Fire Orders under the same conditions given above (i.e. the target does not move), a hit is scored on a 4+ in the next turn, then 3+, and finally 2+ in all subsequent turns.

3. If the shooter receives any order other than Fire or the target moves, the Ranging In process is reset.

4. However, if a hit is scored in any turn, the shooter is ‘Zeroed In’ on the target and, as long as the target unit does not move from its position, and the shooter only executes Fire Orders, all further shots hit on 2+, even if the target unit is no longer in Line of Sight for any reason.

Cover, Ambush and Vehicles

Units hit by Indirect Fire receive no Cover Saves of any kind. However, if the target unit is or goes Down when shot at with Indirect Fire, the number of hits suffered is still halved.

Weapons cannot be fired indirectly by a unit that was in Ambush that turn – Indirect Fire takes time.

When fired against Vehicles, Hits from Indirect Fire weapons always strike the vulnerable Top Armour, counting the +1 Penetration modifier to damage regardless of the actual position of the firer. If an Open-topped Armoured Vehicle is hit by Indirect Fire add the +1 Penetration modifier to the damage roll, and also add +1 to the die roll on the Damage Results table (see page 119).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Howitzer

This weapon can either shoot directly at a target drawing its Line of Fire ‘over open sights’ in the normal way, or it can shoot Indirect Fire as described overleaf. When firing over open sights it has no minimum range. When using Indirect Fire, a Howitzer has a minimum range. This is shown in brackets on the Weapons Chart – for example, Light Howitzers have a minimum range of 30".

If a Howitzer switches from Indirect Fire to Direct Fire and then returns to Indirect Fire, whether or not against the same target, the ‘Ranging In’ sequence is reset.

Indirect Fire

Targeting and line of sight

The Indirect Fire special rule refers to weapons that shoot HE shells ‘indirectly’, which is to say they lob a shot high in the air to land on top of the target unit. These Indirect Fire weapons cannot hit targets within their minimum range. If a target is found to be within this minimum range, the shot misses automatically and is ignored. The crew of an Indirect Fire weapon must still be able to see their target unit to shoot, unless a Spotter is employed – see below. However, the crew can direct their fire against a target even if friends are in the way, as shots pass far over the heads of intervening friendly troops because of the high trajectory.

Ranging In and Zeroed In

1. When firing using Indirect Fire, a 6 is required to hit, regardless of any modifier. In the following turn, if the shooter receives a Fire Order and if the target unit has not moved from their position, a hit is scored on a 5+ instead (to count as having ‘moved’, all models in the target unit must be at least 2" from the positions they were in when last fired upon by the Indirect Fire weapon). This is known as ‘Ranging In’.

2. If the shooter continues to execute Fire Orders under the same conditions given above (i.e. the target does not move), a hit is scored on a 4+ in the next turn, then 3+, and finally 2+ in all subsequent turns.

3. If the shooter receives any order other than Fire or the target moves, the Ranging In process is reset.

4. However, if a hit is scored in any turn, the shooter is ‘Zeroed In’ on the target and, as long as the target unit does not move from its position, and the shooter only executes Fire Orders, all further shots hit on 2+, even if the target unit is no longer in Line of Sight for any reason.

Cover, Ambush and Vehicles

Units hit by Indirect Fire receive no Cover Saves of any kind. However, if the target unit is or goes Down when shot at with Indirect Fire, the number of hits suffered is still halved.

Weapons cannot be fired indirectly by a unit that was in Ambush that turn – Indirect Fire takes time.

When fired against Vehicles, Hits from Indirect Fire weapons always strike the vulnerable Top Armour, counting the +1 Penetration modifier to damage regardless of the actual position of the firer. If an Open-topped Armoured Vehicle is hit by Indirect Fire add the +1 Penetration modifier to the damage roll, and also add +1 to the die roll on the Damage Results table (see page 119).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flamethrower

Hits from Flamethrowers allow no Cover Saves. This makes Flamethrowers especially effective against troops in Bunkers or behind Cover, as well as troops on a Down Order, which is not a good defence against flaming liquids being sprayed over the area. When shooting with a Flamethrower, roll a single die to hit as normal, but if you score a hit, it is multiplied into D6 hits in the case of an Infantry Flamethrower, or D6+1 hits in the case of a Vehicle Flamethrower.

Flamethrowers always hit the Top Armour of Vehicles – this represents the tendency of burning liquid to seep through hatches and other openings. Also, Flamethrowers don’t rely on kinetic energy to penetrate a target’s armour, so their Pen is not modified by range.

Any unit hit by a Flamethrower takes 1 Pin Marker because it has been hit, and a further D3 Pin Markers to account for the unbridled terror unleashed upon it, for a total of D3+1 Pin Markers on the target.

Any unit firing a Flamethrower (whether Infantry or Vehicle) also receives 1 Pin Marker, whether they hit or missed the target. This represents the danger and confusion these weapons inflict on the operators themselves.

A unit hit by a Flamethrower must make a Morale Check once firing has been worked out and Pin Markers allocated, regardless of the number of casualties caused, and even if none were caused. A unit failing this check is destroyed immediately – its morale completely shattered. Vehicles failing their Morale Check in this way are abandoned and considered destroyed.

After an Infantry model fires an Infantry Flamethrower, roll a D6. On a result of 1 or 2, the Flamethrower has run out of fuel and is now useless. If this happens, the model carrying the Flamethrower counts as being armed with a Pistol instead for the remainder of the game.

After shooting with a Vehicle-mounted Flamethrower, roll a D6 (or a die for each Flamethrower fired, if the Vehicle has more than one). On a result of 1 or 2, that Flamethrower has run out of fuel and is now useless. This does not otherwise affect the Vehicle.

When rolling on the Damage Effects Chart (see page 119) against a Vehicle equipped with Flamethrowers, add an extra +1 modifier to the roll. This represents the increased risk to the Vehicle from carrying around so much volatile fuel for the Flamethrower.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Anti-Tank Gun

Anti-tank Guns are designed to accurately target Vehicles through improved sights. All Anti-tank Guns get an additional modifier of +1 to hit Vehicles when shooting with a Fire Order (including Ambush and Reaction Fire).

HE (High Explosive)

Ammunition

Some weapons can only fire HE shots, with their Pen value indicated as HE. Some weapons, for instance Anti-tank Guns, can fire either anti-tank shots (using the Pen value indicated) or HE shots. The player must declare which type of shot the weapon is firing when they declare the target.

HE (X) refers to the diameter of the explosion caused by the round (see the chart on the right).

Targeting and templates

1. When firing an HE weapon, declare a target unit and roll to hit in the same way as for a normal shot. If the target is hit by an HE shot, use the appropriate template to determine how many models in the unit have been hit.

2. First pick a point to place the centre of the template on. This can be anywhere so long as the template covers as many models as possible in the target unit, and it does not clip any friendly models. If the target consists of a single model the template must be centred on that model.

3. Count the number of models even partially clipped by the template. This is the number of hits caused on the target unit. If you clip another enemy unit, they will take hits in the same way.

Down and Pin Markers

A unit shot at by HE can react in the usual way, and can be issued a Down Order if it has not already executed an Order for the turn. If the target unit has a Down Order assigned to it, halve the number of HE hits it takes (rounding up). Remember that Down Orders have no effect against shots at Point-blank range!

The number of Pin Markers caused by hits from HE weapons is generated randomly by rolling a D2 or D3 depending on the HE value of the weapon being fired, as shown on the chart below, rather than the usual single Pin Marker.

Cover and Penetration

Models that are hit get their Cover Saves as normal. The Penetration Bonus of HE shells, which is applied on the roll to damage for all targets hit, also varies with the HE values – larger and more powerful shells having higher values. This is also shown on the chart below.

However, HE shells don’t rely on the kinetic energy of the shell itself to penetrate a target’s armour, so they don’t suffer the -1 penalty when hitting an armoured target at long range, nor the +1 Pen for Point-blank range.

Ambush ammunition

When a unit capable of shooting HE or Anti-tank shots is given an Ambush Order the player must specify the kind of round loaded. The unit cannot change from one type of round to another until a further Order is issued, though this could be another Ambush Order if desired.

Multiple HE shots

Some units or weapons are capable of firing a number of HE shots simultaneously – a good example is an Automatic Cannon shooting two small HE shells every time it’s fired.

In these cases, roll all the dice to hit first, then for every hit scored place one template on the target unit as described previously, and add together the total number of models covered or clipped by all the templates to determine the total number of hits.

Keep in mind that each model can only be hit once, even if under more than one template. This means the maximum number of hits you can score is equal to the number of models in the target unit (this is still halved if the unit has received a Down Order).

Units hit by multiple HE shots like this only suffer a single batch of multiplied Pin Markers, i.e. D2 or D3.

Flak

All enemy units with the Flak special rule automatically fire at the attacking aircraft if the token or model lies within their range and arc of fire. Nothing can block Line of Sight to the aircraft because it is plainly visible in the sky. Flak units fire regardless of whether they have already executed an Order that turn. Flak fire requires no assigned Order and takes place outside the normal turn sequence.

Pintle-mounted Machine Guns have the Flak special rule. When firing at an attacking aircraft, do not halve their number of Shots and do not make their Vehicle count as Open-topped for the turn; the crew is assumed to button up again after the Air Strike. A Flak unit in Ambush retains its Ambush status after firing at an aircraft. A Hidden unit loses its Hidden status if it fires at an aircraft.

Friendly Flak units must test to hold their fire against attacking aircraft if they are in arc and range of the marked position. Roll a D6 for each Flak unit. To successfully hold their fire Inexperienced units must roll a 4+, Regular units a 3+, and Veteran units a 2+. Units that do not manage to hold their fire will shoot at the incoming aircraft as if it were an enemy. If a Rookie Pilot result was rolled on the Air Strike Chart, this test is automatically failed – all Flak weapons in range and in arc open fire automatically!

When firing Flak, measure the range between the shooter and target ignoring everything in between. Flak weapons from units that are not Pinned hit on 5+, those from Pinned units hit on 6 – no other modifiers apply.

If an HE weapon scores a hit, multiply the hit as you would for a hit against a unit inside a Building (for example, a hit from a Light Automatic Cannon would cause D3 hits).

Do not roll to damage the aircraft, instead just tally up the number of hits scored in total by all Flak weapons that fired at it. If this total is 7 or more, then the aircraft has been shot down or forced to abort the attack – the aircraft marker or model is removed. Otherwise, proceed with the ground attack as normal.